Albigenses. (Cathars). Southern French ascetic Neo-Manichean heretic Christian sect. Eliminated by 13th Crusade, 1208-1229 and Inquisition.

Albornoz, Gil de. 1310-67. Restored papal authority, ending Babylonian Captivity.

Albuquerque, Afonso de. 1453-1515. Portuguese conquistador. Expanded empire.

Alcalá Zamora, Niceto. 1877-1949. President, Spanish Republic, 1931-6. Died in exile.

Alcamenes. c440BC. Greek sculptor; delicacy and finish.

Alcibiades. c450-404BC. Athenian egoist general, Peloponnesian War. Murdered.

Alden, John. c1599-1687. Pilgrim father. Married Priscilla Mullens.

Aldermaston March. 1958-64. Annual ‘Ban the Bomb’ demonstration of CND.

Alemanni. 3-6C. Confederation of Germanic tribes in Swabia defeated by Clovis, 496.

Alesia. 52BC. Caesar defeats Vercingétorix, 52BC. Decisive in conquering Gaul.

Alexander. 1876-1903. Serbian King, 1889-. Scandals, authoritarianism led to assassination.

Alexander. 1888-1934. Yugoslav King, 1921-. United Serbs, Croats, Slovenes as Yugoslavia 1929. Assassinated.

Alexander, Harold (of Tunis). 1891-1969. British. Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean 1944-45. Directed Dunkirk evacuation. Governor General of Canada, 1946-52.

Alexander I. 1777-1825. Russian Czar, 1801-. Liberal reformer. Defeated Napoleon. Holy Alliance.

Alexander II. 1818-81. Russian Czar 1855-. Emancipated serfs, 1861. Established elected assemblies, Zemstvo, settled Crimean War. Assassinated by Narodniki.

Alexander III. 1845-1894. Russian Czar 1881-. Established absolute rule using secret police. Temporary Rules. Franco-Russian Alliance.

Alexander III. Pope 1159-81. Instituted papal conclave to elect popes 1179.

Alexander VI. Pope. Demarcation Bull 1493 divided newly discovered land between Spain, Portugal. Tordesillas.

Alexander of Hales. -1245. English Franciscan Aristotelian philosopher, theologian. Summa Theologia 1246.

Alexander the Great. 356-323BC. Macedonian king 336-. Conquered an Asian empire to Persia and India.

Alexandria. Founded 332BC by Alexander the Great. Centre of Hellenistic culture. Lighthouse one of Seven Wonders. 284BC Great Library of 700,000+ volumes. Fires 47BC, 391.

Alexius I. 1048-1118. Byzantine Emperor 1081-. Restored empire. Requested aid. First Crusade.

Alfonso XIII. 1886-1941. King of Spain 1886-1931. Survived 5 assassination attempts. Support for Primo de Rivera weakened monarchy.

Algeria. c2000BC Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia...9C BC Carthage. 146 BC Rome. 429 Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 7C Moslem. c1500 Spain. 1518 Ottoman. 1671 Independent. 1830 France. 1962 Independent.

Algerian Revolutionary War. 1954-62. Plebiscite granted independence from France, 1962.

3817 more results ...