Chkheidze, Nikolai. 1864-1926. Russ. Menshevik leader.

Cholula, Massacre. 1519. Cortes razes Mexican town; 3000 dead.

Chopin, Fréderic. 1810-49. Polish/French composer of emotional expressiveness and pianist of great technical ability. Sand.

Chou En-lai. 1898-1976. Chinese moderate Communist Prime Minister 1949-.

Chouans. 1793-1815. Breton peasants and smugglers, joined Vendée Royalists.

Chremonidean War. 267-261BC. Unsuccessful rebellion of Athens and Sparta vs Macedonians.

Chrétien de Troyes. 12C. French poet. Legend of King Arthur.

Christian II. King of Denmark and Norway, 1513-23; Sweden, 1520-3. End of Kalmar Union. Stockholm bloodbath.

Christian IX. Danish King, 1863-1906.

Christian X. Danish king 1912-47. Symbol of Danish Resistance. Imprisoned by Nazis 1943-5. Women’s vote 1915. Independent Iceland 1918.

Christian Science. 1879. Founded by Eddy. Death, illness are illusions to be overcome by faith.

Christina. 1629-89. Swedish queen 1632-54. Abdicated. Patron of Arts.

Christine de Pisan. c1364-1430. French poet. Love poems, ballads.

Christo, (Gabrovo Javacheff). 1935-. Bulgarian/US artist with wife Jeanne-Claude. Pont Neuf Packaged 1985. Reichstag 1995.

Chu Teh. 1886-1976. Commander-in-Chief of Chinese Red Army. Long March.

Chuikov, Vasily. 1900-82. Russian WWII General. Defended Stalingrad.

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Cicero, Marcus. 106-43BC. Roman orator. Opposed Caesar and Antony. Executed. De Re Republica 54-51BC.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cierva y Cordoniu, Juan de la. 1895-1936. Spanish autogyro inventor 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Cimbri. 2C BC. Germanic tribe. Invaded Rome. Annihilated.

Cinq-Mars, Marquis de. 1620-42. Opponent of Richelieu, beheaded.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Ciompi, Revolt. 1378. Florence. Lower class rebellion led to democratic government.

Circe. Wizardess. Changed Odysseus’ men into animals.

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