Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Cassino. 1944. Town, monastery destroyed in German defence of route to Rome.

Cassius, Gaius. c42BC. Led assassination of Julius Caesar. Suicide.

Cassivellaunus. English king def by J Caesar, 54BC.

Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Castro, Fidel. 1926-. Cuban lawyer. Cuban Revolution. Dictator 1959-.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Catesby, Robert. 1573-1605. Planned Gunpowder Plot.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catt, Carrie. 1859-1947. US feminist leader. 19th Amendment.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Caudillo. Latin US term for military-backed leader.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Cayley, George. 1773-1857. Flying machine 1796. First manned glider flight 1853.

CCF. 1932. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Canadian Socialist party. 1961 =New Democratic Party.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. 1894-1961. French writer: Voyage au bout de la nuit 1932.

Celsius, Anders. 1701-44. Swedish physicist: centigrade temperature scale 1742.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

CENTO. 1955-79. Central Treaty Organization. Based on Baghdad Pact 1955. Turkey, Iran, U.K., Palestine defence.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

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