Central America Federation. 1823-40. Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.

Cerberus. Three-headed dog, guardian of Greek underworld.

Cerceau, Baptiste du. 1545-90. Designer of Pont Neuf, 1578.

Ceres. Roman goddess of growth. = Demeter.

Cervantes, Miguel de. 1547-1616. Spanish writer: Don Quixote 1605.

Cezanne, Paul. 1839-1906. French Post-Impressionist painter. Illusion of depth by color. Card Players 1892.

Chabrier, Emmanuel. 1841-94. French composer. España 1883.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chaeronea, Battle. 338BC. Philip of Macedon defeats Greek city-states.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Chalgrin, J-F. Architect of Arc de Triomphe 1806; Odéon.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Chambres Ardentes. 1535-1682. French courts. Tried nobles, heretics.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Champollion, Jean. 1790-1832. French. Deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. Rosetta Stone.

Chandler, Raymond. 1888-1959. US novelist. Big Sleep 1939. Detective Philip Marlow.

Chang Ling. 33-156. Founded Taoism in China.

Ch’ang O. Chinese moon goddess.

Channel Tunnel. Mathieu conceived the idea in 1802. Begun 1880s. French-English agreements to proceed, 1964, 1985. Opened 1994.

Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

Chaplin, Charlie. 1889-1977. English silent film actor. First international film star: The Kid 1921. Modern Times 1936. Little Tramp.

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