Sezession. Groups of artists who seceded from academies in Munich 1892, Vienna 1897, Berlin 1999.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shamil. 1798-1871. Moslem guerilla leader vs Russia in Crimean War.

Shannon, Claude. 1916-2001. US information theorist. Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948.

Shang. c1766-c1122BC. Chinese dynasty. Earliest verified by archeological evidence. = Yin.

Shawnee. American Indians from Ohio defeated at Tippecanoe. Resettled in Oklahoma.

Shays, Daniel. c1747-1825. Led Massachussets farmers in rebellion 1786-7 for lower taxes. Defeated.

Shelburne, 2nd earl. 1737-1805. English statesman. Prime Minister 1782-3. Treaty of Paris.

Sheraton, Thomas. 1751-1806. English Regency furniture designer.

Shere Ali. 1825-79. Emir of Afghanistan. Defeated in Second Afghan War.

Sheridan, Philip. 1831-88. Union general, captured Shenandoah, forced Lee’s surrender.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 1890 US. Prohibits monopolies, restraint of trade.

Sherwood, Robert. 1896-1955. US dramatist. Idiot’s Delight 1936.

Shimonoseki Treaty. 1895. Ended first Sino-Japanese War. Japan gained Taiwan, Port Arthur. Korea independent.

Shinran. 1173-1262. Japanese Buddhist. Founded True Pure Land sect.

Ships. Iron- Foss 1777. Clipper 1832. Paddle- Charlotte Dundas 1801. Screw- Archimedes 1839. Nuclear- Nautilus 1955.

Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sibyl. Mythical Greek prophetess. Interceded with gods for humans.

Sidney, Philip. 1554-86. English poet. Arcadia 1580. Defence of Poesie 1585.

Siegfried Line. 1937-40 German fortifications on western frontier = West Wall. Also, part of Hindenburg Line.

Sierra Leone. 1462 Portugal discovers. 16C Slave source. 1786 British freed slave colony. 1788 British Crown Colony. 1961 Independent.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Sigismund III. Vasa. 1566-1632. King of Poland 1587-, Sweden 1592-99. Captured Moscow 1610-12.

Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

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