Sikh Wars. 1845-6 Sikhs invade India, British take Kashmir. 1848-9 Sikh revolt, Britain takes Punjab.

Sikkim. c1640 Independent kingdom. 1780 Nepal invades. 1814 Independent. 1861 British protectorate. 1947 Indian suzerainty. 1975 Indian state.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Silesia. c300BC Vandal. c4C Slav. 11C Polish. 1163 Divided. 13C German colony/Tatars invade. 1335 Bohemia. 15C Divided. 1526 Hapsburg. 1675 Bohemia. 1694 Austria. 1742 Prussia. 1921 Czechoslovakia/Poland/Germany. 1938/9 German. 1945 Poland/GDR.

Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Siloé, Diego de. c1495-1563. Spanish Renaissance sculptor, Plateresque architect. Granada Cathedral.

Simcoe, John Graves. 1752-1806. First Lt Governor of Upper Canada. Founded Toronto 1793.

Simenon, Georges. 1903-89. Belgian writer of political and detective novels. Commissaire Maigret.

Simnel, Lambert. c1475-1535 Pretender to English throne 1487.

Sims, William. 1858-1936. US WWI naval commander.

Singapore. 13-14C Malay city. 1377 Javanese destroy. 1819 Raffles refounds. 1867 «Straits Settlements. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Independent republic.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Sino-Japanese War. 1937-45. Japanese invade China. WWII.

Sino-Soviet Treaty. 1945. Mutual defence vs Japanese agression.

Sioux. Popular name for Dakota Confederation of American Indian tribes. Little Bighorn. Wounded Knee.

Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.

Sisyphus. King of Corinth, condemned to perpetually roll a stone to the top of a hill.

Sitter, Willem de. 1872-1934. Dutch radio astronomer. Expanding universe.

Sitting Bull. c1831-90. Led Sioux at Little Bighorn. Surrendered 1881.

Siva. 4 armed 3 eyed Hindu god of destruction and restoration.

Sivaji. c1627-80. Founded Maratha Kingdom 1674.

Siward. -1055. Danish earl of Northumbria. Helped Edward the Confessor. Defeated Macbeth.

Six Dynasties. 220-589. Chinese period. Buddhism, Taoism, technical developments. Tea. Gunpowder.

Skepticism. Philosophical attitude of doubt.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

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