Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Pelopidas. -364BC. Theban general. Defeated Sparta.

Peloponnesian War, Second. 431-404BC. Sparta defeats Athens, beginning Greek decline.

Penfield, Wilder. 1891-1976. Canadian brain surgeon: Cerebral Cortex of Man.

Peninsular War. 1808-14. British, Spanish, Portuguese under Wellington defeat French in Iberian Peninsula.

Penn, William. 1644-1718. English Quaker. Founded Pennsylvania 1681.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Pepin II. -714. Ruler of Franks 687-. United Merovingian kingdoms by defeating Neustria 687.

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón. 1880-1962. Spanish writer. Balarmino and Apolonio.

Perez de Cuellar, Javier. 1920-. Peruvian UN Sec. Gen. 1982-91.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Pericles. c495-429BC. Athenian leader 461-. Led to Athenian dominance of Greece. Parthenon. Height of democracy.

Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perón, Juan. 1895-1974. Totalitarian Argentine president 1946-55, 73-4. Evita. Isabel.

Pérotin. -c1238. First composer to write for 4 voices. Sederunt.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perpetual Alliance. 1291. Association of Swiss Cantons which engendered today’s Confederation.

Perrault, Claude. 1613-88. French architect. Louvre Colonnade. Observatory.

Perry, Matthew. 1794-1858. US Commodore. Opened Japanese trade 1854.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

Perseus. c212-166BC. Last Macedonian king 179-168BC. Defeated at Pydna by Rome.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Peru. Settled 8000BC. 15C Inca. 1532 Pizarro conquers for Spain. 1821 Independent.

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