Malaya. 200BC Indian colonies. 1511 Portugal. 1641 Dutch. 1795 Britain. 1948-63 Federation of Malaya. 1963 Malaysia.

Malayan Emergency. 1948-60. Britain and allies defeat communist guerillas.

Malcolm III. c1031-1093. Scottish king 1058-. Killed and succeeded Macbeth.

Malcolm X. 1925-65. US militant Black Muslim leader. Assassinated.

Maldives. Dravidians, Sinhalese settle. 12C Islam. 1153 Sultanate. 1507 Portugal garrison. 17C Dutch protectorate. 1796 British protectorate. 1965 Independent. 1968 Republic.

Malenkov, Georgi. 1902-88. Stalinist Soviet premier 1953-5. Denounced 1957.

Malherbe, François de. 1555-1628. French poet. Foreshadowed classicism. Odes 1601.

Mali. Ancient Ghana. c1200 Mali Empire includes Senegal, Niger. 1460 Songhai Empire. c1600 Divided. c1880 =French Sudan. 1959 +Senegal +Sudanese Republic =Mali Federation. 1960 Independent -Senegal =Mali Republic.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1884-1942. Polish. Founded social anthropology.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Manchester School. 19C British free-trade movement. Cobden.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manhattan Project. 1942-5. Developed US Atomic Bomb.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Manifest Destiny. 1840s. Justified US expansionism.

Manila Bay, Battle. 1898. US defeats Spain, wins Philippines.

Manin, Daniele. 1804-57. Risorgimento leader. Venetian Republic president 1848-9.

Mann, Horace. 1796-1859. US educator. Modern public education system.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

1717 more results ...