Repartimiento. c1500-1820. Spanish-American colonists recruit Indians for forced labour.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

Reuchlin, Johannes. 1455-1522. German. Christian. Created Hebrew grammar.

Revisionism. Criticism of tenets of Marxism by Bernstein, Tito.

Ribbonism. 1860-85. Irish agrarian secret societies vs Orange Society. Banned 1871.

Richard I. Lion Heart. 1157-99. King of England 1189-. Led Third Crusade. Captured and ransomed.

Rights, Bill of. 1791. First 10 amendments to US constitution. Freedom of religion, right to due process, counsel, bear arms, no self incrimination, cruel or unusual punishment, etc.

Robert II. 1054-1134. Duke of Normandy 1087-1106. Son of William I. Led First Crusade.

Romantic. Art. Expression of emotion more important than form or reality. Delacroix. Turner.

Romanticism. 18C Philosophical movement rooted in Pietism. Began in Germany. Spread across Europe in 19C.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Rosenkreuz, Christian. 15C. Legendary founder of Rosicrucian Society.

Rosicrucians. 17C- Society claiming ancient mystical knowledge. Rosenkreuz.

Rosso Fiorentino. 1495-1540. Mannerist painter. Descent from Cross 1521.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Rubicon. Italian river crossed by Caesar to wage war vs Roman Senate 49BC.

Ruska, Ernst. 1906-88. German engineer. Electron microscope.

Ruskin, John. 1819-1900. English writer and Pre-Raphaelite art critic. Social reformer.

Russian Social Democratic Party. 1898. Split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1903.

Russo-Turkish Wars. 16-19C. Russia gains Black Sea to Balkans from crumbling Ottoman Empire in 10 wars. Assist Serb, Romanian independence. Crimean War.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Sabah. 1888 British protectorate = North Borneo. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Malaysia.

Sacre Coeur. Paris basilica built 1873-1910 by Abadie, at a cost of FF40 million.

Sacred Wars. 6-4C BC. Greek city-states, for control of of shrine at Delphi.

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