Miranda Decision. 1966. US Supreme Court protects rights vs self-incrimination. Required police warning, “You have the right to remain silent...”.

Mobutu Sese Seko. 1930-97. President of Zaire 1971- by coup.

Monophysitism. 4C- Heretical Christian doctrine. Jesus has single divine nature. Coptics. Monothelitism. Nestorianism. Dualism. Chalcedon.

Morny, Charles, duc de. 1811-65. French coup organizer 1851 for Napoleon III.

Moulin, Jean. 1899-1943. French patriot, founder of National Council of Resistance 1943. Tortured to death by Gestapo.

Mufti. Moslem lawyers. Advise court in Islamic law.

Murasaki Shikibu. c978-1014. Japanese court lady, writer. Tales of the Genji 1001-5.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Myanmar. (Burma). Pyu. Mons. 849 Pagan kingdom. 1287 Mongol. 1303-1605 Split. 1852(S)/1886(N) British under India. 1948 Independent. 1974 Socialist republic. 1988 Military coup, dictatorship. 1989 = Myanmar. 1990 elections nullified. Suu Kyi.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Nasser, Abdel. 1918-70. Egypt. Led coup vs Farouk 1952. Prime Minister 1954-6, president 1956-8. UAR president 1958-. Modernized. Suez Crisis.

National Communism. Means of attaining communism are dictated by conditions in each country. Tito.

National Security Act. 1947. Formed US National Security Council, CIA.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Nesselrode, Count. 1780-1862. Russian foreign minister 1822-56. Supported Holy Alliance.

Newspapers.1566 Venice (first). 1594 Mercurius Gallobelgious England. 1621 Batter England. 1662 First censorship. 1690 Boston. 1702 Daily Courant, first daily.

Ngo Dinh Diem. 1901-63. Repressive anti-communist. First President of South Vietnam 1954-. Killed in coup.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

Nordic Council. 1953-. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 1955 +Finland. Promotes cultural unity, reciprocal rights.

Northcliffe, Viscount. 1865-1922. English publisher. Daily Mail 1896. Daily Mirror 1903. Times 1906.

Numidia. 3C BC-428. Country in N Africa. 46BC Rome. 428 Vandal. ≈Algeria.

Odin. King of Scandinavian gods who holds court in Valhalla.

OPEC. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 1961- International cartel sets prices by controlling supply. Created oil shortage 1973.

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