Orléans, Charles, duc d’. 1394-1465. Fought with Armagnacs vs Burgundians. Captured at Agincourt 1415. Ransomed 1440. Last courtly poet of France.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Pahlavi, Reza Shah. 1877-1944. Army officer. Led coup over Kajar dynasty 1925. Shah of Iran 1925-41.

Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Park Chung Hee. 1917-79. South Korean president. 1963-79 by 1961 coup. Economic growth.

Parlement. 12C-1792 French royal supreme courts in Paris, provinces.

Paton, Alan. 1903-88. South African writer. Cry the Beloved Country 1948.

Percier, Charles. 1764-1838. French Empire architect. Cour Carrée with Fontaine.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Petronius, Caius. -66 Roman satirist in Nero’s court. Satyricon.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Pisa, Council. 1409. Elected Alexander V as third pope in failed attempt to end Great Schism.

Plombières Agreement. 1858. Napoleon III agrees to support Cavour (Piedmont) vs Austria in return for Savoy and Nice.

Pont de la Concorde. Paris. Built 1787-91 from stones of Bastille so people could forever trample ruins.

Popular Sovereignty. 1850s. US territories could join Union as free or slave states. Bleeding Kansas.

Presley, Elvis. 1935-77. US singer of rock, folk, gospel, and country music. 28M records sold. Heartbreak Hotel 1956.

Primo de Rivera, Miguel. 1879-1930. Spanish fascist dictator 1923- by coup. Ended Moroccan War 1927.

Prior, Matthew. 1664-1721. English epigrammist/poet: City Mouse and the Country Mouse.

Privy Council. English monarch’s principal advisers. Little power since 17C.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Prud’hommes, Councils. Medieval French trade tribunals revived by Napoleon.

Quiller-Couch (Q). 1863-1944. English editor of Oxford Book of English Verse 1900,39.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

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