Missouri Comromise. 1820-54. Simultaneous admission to US of Maine, Missouri, maintaining balance of free, slave states.

Mogadishu Raid. 1977. German commandos rescue hijack hostages.

Molière, Jean-Baptiste. 1622-73. French comedy actor, playwright. School for Wives 1662. Tartuffe 1664. Don Juan 1665. Misanthrope. Died in role of Malade Imaginaire.

Mondrian, Piet. 1872-1944. Dutch neoplastic abstract De Stijl movement painter. Composition with Yellow and Blue 1929. New York City 1943.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Monnet, Jean. 1888-1979. French economist. “Father of Common Market”.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Monteverdi, Claudio. 1567-1643. Italian composer. First opera: Orfeo 1607. L’Arianna 1608. Madrigals 1583.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

Morley, Thomas. c1557-1603. English madrigal composer. Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Music 1597.

Moses. c14C BC. Hebrew leader who led his people from Egypt to Palestine. Received the Ten Commandments from God. Founded Israel.

Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.

Muscadins. French Royalist youth movement after the Commune.

Muscovy Company. 1555-1698. English company with monopoly on Russian trade. First joint-stock.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Mussorgsky, Modest. 1839-81. Russian Nationalist composer. Boris Gudunov 1874. Pictures at an Exhibition 1874.

Mysticism. Direct communication with God through spiritual, intuitive or transcendental means.

Nagodba Compromise. 1868. Croatia recognized, but confirmed as part of Hungary.

National Communism. Means of attaining communism are dictated by conditions in each country. Tito.

National Party. 1914. South African Afrikaaner pro-Apartheid, anti-Commonwealth party. In power 1948-94.

Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Neumann, John von. 1903-57. Hungarian/US mathematician. Computer theory; serial process. Assisted H-bomb development. Minimax theorem 1928.Theory of Games 1944.

Newcomen, Thomas. 1663-1729. First steam engine, 1706, as mine pump. Basis of Watt’s.

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