John Paul II. 1920-. Poland. Authoritarian conservative pope 1978-. Wounded 1981 by Islamic fanatic. Most trips. More canonization than previous popes combined.

Jonestown Massacre. 1978. 913 followers of US cult leader James Jones commit suicide in Guyana.

Josquin des Prés. c1445-1521. Flemish composer of motets and masses. Advanced musical expressiveness. -“Father of Musicians”.

Kadar, János. 1912-89. Hungarian Prime Minister 1956~65. Communist First Secretary.

Kalevala. Finnish national epic poem compiled by Lönnrot, 1835.

Kao Kang. 1902-55. Chinese Communist leader. Purged 1954. Suicide.

Karakhan Manifesto. 1919. USSR renounces Czarist rights in China. Spurs Chinese Communist Party.

Kenya. 7C Arab. 1498 Portugal. 1729 Arab. 1887 British East Africa Company...1895 British protectorate = British East Africa. 1920 British colony = Kenya. 1963 Independent kingdom. 1964 Republic.

Kern, Jerome. 1885-1945. US composer. Show Boat 1927.

Kesselring, Albert. 1887-1960. German Commander-in-Chief in Italy, 1943. Delayed Allied victory. WWII.

Khmer Rouge. 1960-79. Cambodian Communists. Overthrew Lon Nol, creating Kampuchea 1975. Forced relocations, torture, executions. Millions killed. 1979 Overthrown by Vietnamese. 1982-95 guerilla war. 1995 Amnesty. Pol Pot.

Kiangsi Soviet. 1931-4. Chinese Communist Provincial government vs Nationalists under Mao. Long March.

Kipling, Rudyard. 1865-1936. English/Indian writer. Compelling, emotional, poetic. Jungle Book 1894. Kim 1901. Imperialist:- “White Man’s Burden”.

Kitchener, Horatio, Earl of. 1850-1916. Commander-in-chief Boer War. British Secretary of War, WWI. Symbol of will to victory.

Kodály. 1882-1967. Hungarian composer and collector of folk melodies. Corpus Musicae 1951.

Korean War. 1950-3. China supports Communist invasion of South Korea. Repelled with UN aid-mainly US troops. MacArthur. 38th parallel border reestablished. 5M dead.

Kornilov, Lavr. 1870-1918. Russian general. Kerensky’s Commander-in-Chief, 1917. Failed coup vs Kerensky. Led Anti-Bolshevik White Army.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Kuomintang. KMT. 1911-49. Chinese nationalist party in power 1928-49. Founded by Sun Yat-sen. Overthrew Manchu dynasty. Expelled to Taiwan by Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek.

Laforgue, Jules. 1860-1887. French symbolist poet. Invented verse libre. Les Complaintes 1885.

LaHire. 1390-1443. French commander with Joan of Arc.

Lancret, Nicolas. 1690-1743. French painter of light comic scenes.

Lapse, Doctrine of. British East India Company claimed control of any state where direct royal line ended causing Indian Mutiny 1857. Dalhousie.

Lasso, Orlando di. c1530-94. Flemish polyphonic Renaissance composer. Motets 1556.

Lassus, Roland de. 1531-94. Composer of masses, madrigals in Franco-Belgian style.

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