Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Immigration Acts. 1962. Britain limits immigration from Commonwealth.

Imperial Conferences. 1907-37. Meetings of British Empire/Commonwealth countries.

Income Tax. Britain: 1193 Walter to ransom Richard I. 1799-1815 To finance war vs Napoleon. 10% over £200; 1842 Peel 3%. US: 1862-72 3% over $800 (5% if outside US); 1913 over $3000 only.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

India Act. 1784. Transferred control of British East India Co to Parliament. 1858. All power over India from East India Co to British crown. 1919-35. Created bicameral parliament of limited authority.

Indochina War. 1946-54. Vietnamese Communists vs French and British occupying forces. =First Vietnam War.

Indonesia.16C Portuguse influence. 1602 Dutch East India Co. 1798 Netherlands(Java). 1811-16 Britishs occupy. 1910 Unified as Dutch colony. 1945 Independent. Java. Borneo. Bali. Sumatra.

Indulgence, Declaration. 1662,72. Charles II grants toleration of Nonconformists. Voided by Parliament. 1687. James II suspends penal laws against Catholics causing Glorious Revolution.

Institute of France. 226 members. Comprises Académie Française, 1635; Inscriptions and Belle Lettres, 1663; Science, 1666; Fine Arts 1795; Political Science, 1832. Four Nations.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ireland, John. 1879-1962. English chamber music composer. Forgotten Rite 1913.

Ireland, Republic. 1921 Dominion =Irish Free State. 1937 =Eire. 1949 Republic of Ireland. 1949 leaves Commonwealth.

Isthmian Games. 582BC-393 AD. Corinthian athletic, musical competitions. Olympics.

Ives, Charles. 1874-1954. First major US composer. Unconventional work anticipates 20C techniques. Very influential on later Americans. 3rd Symphony 1904.

James, Henry. 1843-1916. US psychological novelist. American 1877. Washington Square 1881. Turn of the Screw 1898. Compared innocence of New World with corruption of Old.-“It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature”.

Janácek, Leos. 1854-1928. Czech folk-influenced opera composer. Jenufa 1904.

Janssen, Zacharias. 1580-1638. Dutch. Compound microscope 1590.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Joachim, Joseph. 1831-1907. Hungarian violinist/composer.

Joffre, Joseph. 1852-1931. French marshal. Won at Marne 1914. French Commander-in-Chief 1914-16.

John. Lackland. 1167-1216. King of England 1199-. Lost Normandy. Forced to sign Magna Carta 1215. Excommunicated 1209. Lost Anjou.

John Birch Society. 1958-. Right-wing US anti-Communist movement. Birch.

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