Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Forbidden City. 1421-1911. Peking. Emperor’s fortified palace. Commoners forbidden to enter.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Biblical reference to war, famine, death, and Christ, to come at end of world.

Franck, César. 1822-90. Belgian/French organist, Romantic composer.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Free Trade. International commerce free from duties, government restriction or discrimination. Smith.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

French East India Company. 1664-1770. To protect French trade interests in India.

French Union. 1946-58. France + Protectorates + overseas Territories. French Community.

Frescobaldi, Girolamo. 1583-1643. Italian organist, instrumental composer. Bold chromaticism.

Fuchs, Klaus. 1911-88. German/British nuclear physicist. Communist spy 1943-50.

Fuchs, Leonhard. 1501-66. German naturalist. Compendium of medicinal plants. Historia Stirpium 1542.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gauss, Karl. 1777-1855. German physicist, mathematician. Complex Numbers. Modern arithmetic 1801.

Gay-Lussac, Louis. 1778-1850. French chemist. Laws of combining gases, 1804. Meteorology.

Gelasius I, St. Pope 492-6. Compiled first Missal. Hard line continued rift with Constantinople.

Genoa, Conference. 1922. European and Commonwealth nations can’t agree on methods to rebuild Russia. France insists on loan repayment.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Gershwin, George. 1898-1937. US popular composer. Rhapsody in Blue 1924. Porgy and Bess 1935.

Giacometti, Alberto. 1901-66. Swiss sculptor. Stretched figures.

Gibbons, Orlando. 1583-1625. English polyphonic composer.

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