Achaean League. 5-4C BC. Greek towns in common defence against pirates in Gulf of Corinth. 280-146BC. Model for federal government. Created to fight Macedonia. Dissolved by Romans.

Actium, Battle. 31BC. Octavian defeats Antony to become sole ruler of Roman Empire.

Adlerian Psychology. Man is driven to attain power to compensate for “inferiority feeling”. Can lead to “Overcompensation”, e.g. short dictators. Neuroses are illnesses as an excuse for underachievement.

Adventists. US religious sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ.

Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.

Albania. Balkans. 3-5C Visigoth, Huns invade. 6-7C Bulgars, Serbs, Slavs invade.12-15C Bulgar, Norman, Angevin, Serb, Venice contest.15C Ottoman. 1912 Independent republic. 1928 Monarchy (Zog). 1939 Italy occupies. 1945 Communist (Hoxha). 1961 Left Warsaw Pact. 1991 Democratic Constitution.

Albeniz, Isaac. 1860-1909. Spanish piano composer: Iberia.

Aldrich, Henry. 1647-1710. English composer/architect: Peckwater Quad, Oxford, 1707-14.

Alexander, Harold (of Tunis). 1891-1969. British. Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean 1944-45. Directed Dunkirk evacuation. Governor General of Canada, 1946-52.

Alien Registration Act. 1940. Outlaws advocating violent overthrow of US government. Extended to include all advocates of Communism. McCarthy.

Alliance for Progress. 1961. Coordination of Latin American economies, resistance to communism.

Amana Colonies. 1855. Successful Pietist communes in Iowa.

Anarchism, Communistic. Marxist revolutionary version of anarchism that seeks to overthrow the state. Bakunin. Kropotkin. Assassinated: Sadi-Carnot, Empress Elizabeth, Umberto I, McKinley.

Annates. Proportion of first year’s income paid to Pope by office holders.

Anthony, St. 1195-1231. Franciscan, protector of common people.

Anti-Comintern Pact. 1936. Germany and Japan oppose International Communism. Axis.

Antigua, Treaty. 1968. Formed CFTA, now Caribbean Community.

Aragon, Louis. 1897-1982. French Romantic poet + Communist.

Arc de Triomphe. Paris monument. Commissioned 1806 by Napoleon. Completed 1836.

Ark of the Covenant. Built by Moses to house 10 Commandments.

Arminianism. 17C-. Christian movement. Free-will is compatible with God’s sovereignty.

Arne, Thomas. 1710-78. English composer: Rule Britannia 1740. Operas.

Astor, Nancy. 1879-1964. First woman to sit in British House of Commons, 1919-45.

Austen, Jane. 1775-1817. English novelist: Sense and Sensibility, 1811, Pride and Prejudice, 1813. “the exquisite touch which renders the commonplace interesting”-W. Scott. Emma 1816.

Australia. c28,000BC Australoids. 1606 Sighted by Portuguese. 1668 Dampier lands. 1770 Cook claims for England. 1788-1868 Penal colonies. 1901 Independent commonwealth.

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