Weil, Simone. 1909-43. French mystic philosopher. Gravity and Grace 1947.

Weill, Kurt. 1900-50. German surrealist satirical opera composer. Socio-political operas of great influence on future composers. ThreePenny Opera 1928 with Brecht. Happy End 1929.

Weizmann, Chaim. 1874-1952. Russian/Polish Zionist. First President of Israel 1949-52.

Wellesley, Richard. 1760-1842. British Governor General to India 1798-1805. Expanded British power. Wellington’s brother.

Wells, H. G. 1866-1946. English Science Fiction fantasy and social novelist. Time Machine 1895; War of the Worlds 1898.

Wenceslaus, St. 907-29. Patron saint of Czechs. Murdered by brother Boleslav I.

Wertheimer, Max. 1880-1943. German/US. Studies of perception influenced Gestalt psychology. Köhler.

Wesley, John. 1703-91. English founder of Methodism 1729. Direct preaching, often outdoors, to reach the uneducated working class. Sunday schools.

West Indies. Arawak, Carib. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1620-60 Settled.

West Indies Federation. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserat, St Christopher-Nevis-Anguila, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago.

Westminster, Treaties. 1654 Ends Dutch War. Dutch pay England. 1662 England, Brandenberg most-favoured nation status. 1674 Dutch American colonies to Britain. 1756 Prussia, British neutrality.

Westphalia. 700 Saxons settle. 1180 Duchy. 1803 Hohenzollern. 1807 Kingdom. 1815 Prussia.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

Weyden, Rogier van der. c1400-64. Flemish religious painter. Adoration of Child 1462.

Weygand, Maxime. 1867-1965. French general. Foch’s Chief of Staff. Advised Pétain capitulation. WWI.

Wheatstone, Charles. 1802-75. English physicist: microphone. Telegraph 1836. Resistance bridge 1843. Concertina 1829. Stereoscope.

Whitby, Synod. 664. Settled dispute, favoring Roman over Celtic church. Defined Easter date as first Sunday after full moon after vernal equinox. March 22 to April 25. Wilfrid.

White, E. B. 1899-1985. US writer, Charlotte’s Web 1952. Revised Strunk’s Element’s of Style 1959.

Whitefield, George. 1714-70. English evangelist, founder of Calvinistic Methodist Church. Stimulated 18C religious revival.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.

Whitney, Eli. 1765-1825. US inventor. Cotton gin, 1793. Mass production with interchangeable parts 1801.

Whittington, Richard. 1358-1423. London Lord Mayor. Legend of merchant selling his cat for fortune to rat- plagued Moroccan ruler, he marries merchant’s daughter, becomes Lord Mayor.

Widerkind. -807. Saxon leader vs Charlemagne 778.

Wieland, Christoph. 1733-1813. German Rococo poet. Oberon 1780.

Wilkes, Charles. 1798-1877. US Commander, Antarctic explorer. Caused Trent Affair.

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