Wilkes, John. 1725-97. English journalist, MP, rake. Free press champion. Essays on Women 1764. Expelled and reelected MP.

William I. The Silent. 1533-84. Prince of Orange. Dutch leader of Protestant revolt against Philip II of Spain. Founded dynasty to today. Netherlands.

Williams, Roger. c1603-83. English Calvinist founder of Rhode Island, Providence 1636. Introduced separation of church, state.

Wilson, Charles. 1869-1959. Scottish physicist. Cloud Chamber 1911.

Winchester. 972 First royal standard units of measure.

Winckelmann, Johann. 1717-68. German archeologist, art historian. History of Art of Antiquity 1764. Modern archeology.

Winckler, Hugo. 1863-1913. German archaeologist. Discovered Hittite cuneiform tablets.

Winkelried, Arnold von. -1386. Swiss hero of Sempach. Sacrificed himself to create a breach in the cavalry of Duke Leopold.

Winthrop, John. 1588-1649. English Governor of Massachussets Bay Colony 1629~48 as Theocracy.

Witt, Johan de. 1625-72. Dutch statesman. Rebuilt navy. Led Dutch Wars. Triple Alliance 1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Killed by Orangist mob.

Wittelsbach. Bavarian dynasty 1180-1918.

Wittelsbach, Otto von. Otto I of Greece.

Wittenberg. 1517. Church door on which Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Wöhler, Friedrich. 1800-82. German. Synthesized urea 1828. Aluminum 1827.

Wolfram von Eschenbach. 1170-1220. German lyric poet. Parsifal 1202.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union. 1874. US movement vs alcoholic drink.

Wood, John. 1704-54. English Palladian architect: Royal Crescent, Bath 1767.

Woolf, Virginia. 1882-1941. English psychological stream of consciousness writer. Captured transience and subtlety of thought. Bloomsbury Group. Mrs Dalloway 1925. To the Lighthouse 1927. Waves 1931.

Woolley, Leonard. 1880-1960. English archeologist. Excavated Ur. Found evidence of Great Flood.

World Council of Churches. 1948. Amsterdam.

World War I. 1914-18. Allies-France, British Empire, Russia, Italy, US(1917-) vs Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire. Caused by Nationalist movements, Balkan instability, trade rivalry, alliances. 30M casualties. First tanks, chemical, planes, submarines. Ended Russian, Ottoman, Austria-Hungarian Empires.

Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. 1869-1959. US “organic” architect. Introduced glass and steel forms. Guggenhem Museum 1943-59. Taliesin West 1938.

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