Nicholas II. 1868-1918. Last Russian Czar 1894-. Russo-Japanese War 1904. 1905 Revolution. Duma. Shot during 1917 revolution.

Nicholas V. 1397-1455. Pope 1447-. Founded Vatican library.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Nicholas of Flue, St. 1417-87. Model of compromise, reunited Swiss, 1481.

Nicot, Jean. 1530-1600. French diplomat who first imported tobacco 1550.

Niemeyer, Oscar. 1907-. Brazilian architect: Brasilia.

Niepce, Nicéphore. 1765-1833. French. First permanent photographic image 1826.

Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Niger. Tuareg. 7C Songhai Empire(W). 10C Berber(E). 16C Bornu Empire(SE). 17C Djerma/ Tuareg. 18C Sokoto kingdom. c1900 «French West Africa 1960 Independent.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Nijmegen, Treaties. 1678-9. Ended Dutch Wars.

Nimitz, Chester. 1885-1966. US Admiral of Pacific Fleet, WWII. Received Japanese surrender on Missouri.

Nineteen Propositions. 1642. Parliament’s demands, rejected by Charles I. Civil War.

Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

Nivelle, Jean. 1422-77. Son of John II who refused to march against Burgundy.

Nixon, Richard. 1913-94. US president 1969-74. Hiss investigation. Checkers. China relations. Vietnam cease-fire. Watergate. Pardoned.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Noguchi, Hideyo. 1876-1928. Isolated yellow fever microbe 1918.

Noguchi, Isamu. 1904-88. Japanese/US abstract sculptor. UNESCO Garden, Paris 1958.

Norfolk, First Duke. c1366-99. Lord Appellant. Dominated Richard II 1387-89.

Normandy. Rome. 911 Norse(Rollo). 1066 + England. 1204 French. 1420 English. 1450 French.

Northern Expedition. 1926-8. Kuomintang unify China, purge Communists.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Nostradamus. 1503-66. French astrologer. Prophesied Napoleon and Hitler.

Notables, Assembly. French deputies of states appointed by king.

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