Notre-Dame. 12-13C School of early polyphonic music. Léonin.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

Nova Scotia. Micmac. 10C Norse discover? 1497 Cabot discovers. 1605 French settle = Acadia. 1614 English. 1667 French. 1689 English. 1697 French. 1710 English. 1848 First British colony with Responsible Government. 1867 Canada.

Novara. 1513. Swiss defeat French. 1849. Austrians defeat Sardinians.

Novatian. c200-58. Antipope. Founded strict sect -6C. Novation Schism.

Novgorod School. 12-16C. Russian icon and mural painting.

Novotny, Antonin. 1904-75. Stalinist Czech leader 1953-68. Deposed.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

Nuremberg Eggs. 1510. First watches-by Peter Henlein.

Nuremberg Rallies. 1933-8. Annual Nazi festivals followed by Hitler policy speech.

Obelisk. 3300 year old Luxor gift of Muhammad Ali to Charles X, 1829. Place de la Concorde, Paris.

Occultism. Belief in supernatural. Astrology, alchemy, spiritualism, theosophy.

Ochs, Adolph. 1858-1935. US journalist vs Yellow (sensationalist) Journalism. NY Times.

O’Connor, Feargus. 1796-1855. Irish/English Chartist.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

Oehlenschläger, Adam. 1779-1850. Danish Romantic poet.

Oersted, Christian. 1777-1851. Danish physicist: discovered electromagnetism 1819.

Offa. 755-796. King of Mercia 757-. Founded St. Alban’s abbey. Dee Dyke vs Welsh 785. Introduced coinage. Treaty with Charlemagne. Began unification of England.

Offenbach, Jacques. 1819-80. German/French light operatic composer: Tales of Hoffman. Orpheus 1859.

Ogadai. 1185-1241. Mongol ruler 1229-41. Conquered China to Poland, Hungary.

O’Higgins, Bernardo. 1778-1842. Chilean revolutionary, First president. 1818-23. Deposed.

Ojibwa. (Chippewa). North American Indians near Great Lakes. Supported French vs British in 7 Years War, British vs Americans in Revolution.

Okhrana. 1881-1917. Czar’s secret police. Cheka.

Okubo, Toshimichi. 1830-78. Japanese statesman. Meiji Restoration. Westernized Japan.

Olaf I. c963-1000. King of Norway 995-. Began conversion to Christianity.

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