Hölderlin, Friedrich. 1770-1843. German classic Romantic poet. Elegies 1800.

Hollerith, Herman. 1860-1929. US founder of IBM. Punched cards for tabulation 1890.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Honduras.<6000BC Inhabited. 4C Mayan. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1524 Spanish settle. 16C Slaves brought. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic. >100 coups.

Honecker, Erich. 1912-94. East German President 1971-89.

Honegger, Arthur. 1892-1955. Swiss/French modern composer. Joan of Arc 1935. Les Six.

Hong Kong. 1841 British. 1898 Leased from China for 99 years. 1997 China.

Hooft, Pieter. 1581-1647. Dutch Renaissance poet and playwright.

Hooke, Robert. 1635-1703. English inventor of balance spring watch. Diffraction 1672. Wave theory of light.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Houdon, Jean. 1741-1828. French portrait sculptor. Diderot 1771. Diana 1777.

Howard, Charles. 1536-1624. English. Commanded expedition vs Spanish Armada.

Howe, Elias. 1819-67. US inventor: sewing machine 1845. Thimmonier.

Howells, Herbert. 1892-1983. British church music composer.

Hsi Ho. Chinese goddess; mother of sun.

Hsia. 1994-1523BC. Legendary first Chinese dynasty.

Hsiung-nu. 5C BC-5C AD. Asian empire. Great Wall completed to keep them out 214-204BC.

Hu Yaobang. 1915-89. Liberal Chinese Communist Party chairman. Death led to Tiananmen demonstrations.

Hua Kuo-feng. c1920-. Chinese Premier 1976-80, Chairman 1976-81.

Huai Hai, Battle. 1948-9. Chinese communists gain control of key routes.

Huang Hsing. 1874-1916. Led Chinese uprising 1911, with Sun Yat-sen.

Hudson River. 1825-75. US Romantic landscape painting school.

Hugh Capet. c941-996. First of the Capetian dynasty of French kings 987-. Son of Hugh the Great.

Hugh of St. Victor. 1096-1141. Led prominent school of St. Victor, Paris.

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