Gaul. Celtic populated region = modern France, Belgium, W Germany, N Italy.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Germany. HRE. 1806 Confederation of Rhine. 1815 German Confederation. 1818 Zollverein. 1866 -Austria =North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Third Reich. 1949 German Democratic Republic(E), Federal Republic of Germany(W). 1990 re-united.

Germany, Federal Republic of. (FRG). 1949-90 West Germany. 1955 NATO. 1990 +GDR =Germany.

Guelfs and Ghibellines. 1154-15C. Rival factions responsible for feuds in Germany and Italy. Welfs.

Hanover. Dynasty of Germany 1692-1866, Britain 1714-1901.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

Karl-Marx-Stadt. 1953-90. = Chemnitz, (East). Germany.

Königgrätz, Battle. 1866. Ended 7 Week War. Left Prussia dominant over Germany. = Sadowa.

League of 3 Emperors. 1872. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia for defence vs France.

League of Nations. 1920-46. Versailles. For everlasting peace. Idea of US, who did not join. Germany 1926-33. Maximum 63 nations. Failed 1931 when Japan attacked Manchuria. USSR expelled1939. Dissolved 1946. Mandates.

Leipzig, Battle. 1813. Napoleon loses Germany and Poland. 500,000 troops involved.

Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.

Lutheranism. Conservative Protestant sect of Germany and Scandinavia. Salvation through faith alone.

March Revolution. 1848 Germany. Led to Louis I abdication in favour of Maximilian II in Bavaria, Metternich resignation.

Marshal. Highest military rank in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Mazurian Lakes, Battles. 1914,15. 325,000 Russian casualties by Germany.

Memel. (Klaipeda). 1253 founded. 1410 German. 1919 Lithuania. 1939 Germany. 1945 USSR. 1991 Lithuania.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Mihajlovitch, Dragoljub. 1893-1946. Yugoslav royalist WWII leader vs Tito. Executed for collaboration with Germany; exonerated by US.

Military Conversations. 1906-14. English, French military staff prepare for war with Germany.

60 more results ...