Hôtel de Ville, Paris (Town Hall). Designed by Il Bocardo, 1533.

Hugh of St. Victor. 1096-1141. Led prominent school of St. Victor, Paris.

Ile de la Cité, Paris. Originally Lutetia 250BC. Renamed by Clovis, 506, when he made it his capital.

Ile St-Louis, Paris.1627-64. Classical style buildings.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

John. The Fearless. 1371-1419. Duke of Burgundy 1404-. War vs Armagnacs.1407 conquered Paris, won crown. Assassinated by Armagnacs during negotiations.

June Days. 1848. Paris workers uprising. Cavaignac’s military rule kills 10,000 to restore order.

Labienus, Quintus. -39BC. Roman general. Defeated Parisii, 52BC.

Landowski, Paul. 1875-1961. Sculptor: St. Genevieve on Tournelle Bridge, Paris, 1928; la Réformation, Geneva, 1912-18.

Law, John. 1671-1729. Scottish financier. Founded Paris stock exchange, 1717. Bankrupted by Mississippi Scheme, 1720.

Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe. 1902-47. French WWII resistance leader. Led 1500 mile march to liberate Paris, 1944.

Le Duc Tho. 1911-90. Vietnamese Communist leader, revolutionary. Paris Peace Conference. (Refused)

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

Lutetia. Original name for Ile de la Cité, Paris, when settled in 250BC.

Marais. Paris quarter reclaimed from swamp in 13C.

Marcel, Étienne. 1316-58. French draper who led unsuccessful Paris revolt vs Dauphin Charles V, 1355-8, while John II captured by English. Assassinated.

Marmont, Auguste. 1774-1852. French Marshal. Surrendered Paris 1814 causing Napoleon to abdicate.

Marne, Battle. 1914. Paris defence vs Germans. Joffre. 1918 Allied victory is turning point in WWI. Foch.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

May Demonstrations. 1968 Paris student uprising for more money to education, less to defence. General Strike brought 33% increase in minimum wage.

Morris Pillars. Parisian advertising columns erected in 1869.

Moulin Rouge. 1889. Parisian music hall of Belle Epoque immortalized by Toulouse-Lautrec.

Murphy, Gerald and Sara. 1920-33 US expatriates in Paris, Antibes. Parties, salons for artists and writers. Models for Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night.

Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.

National Conservatory of Music. 1795 Paris.

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