Porter, William Sidney. O Henry.

Portland, William Bentrick, Duke of. 1649-1709. Dutch/English statesman. Boyne. Treaty of Rijswijk.

Pragmatism. 19-20C. Philosophy emphasizing experiment and practical utility. Pierce. James. Dewey. Schiller.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 1848-53. British painters vs Royal Academy. Advocated return to simple classical naturalism. Painted with bright colors on white vs dark tones of the time. Rossetti. Millais. Hunt.

Pushkin, Aleksandr. 1799-1837. Russian Romantic writer. Russia’s “Shakespeare”: Boris Gudonov 1825. Eugene Onegin 1823/4. Exiled 1821~6.

Quakers. 1647. Society of Friends. Protestant non-conformist sect, founded by Fox. Silently awaiting “Inward Light”. Penn.

Quantrill, William. 1837-65. Confederate guerilla leader of 1863 massacre at Lawrence, Kansas.

Railton, William. Designed Nelson’s Column, 1839.

Ramsay, William. 1852-1916. English chemist: discovered helium 1895; neon, krypton, xenon 1898.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Reich, Second. 1871-1918. German Empire under Kaisers William I, II.

Rights, Bill of. 1689. Established power of British Parliament over taxes, laws, army. Protestant Succession. William and Mary.

Robert I. Duke of Normandy 1027-35. Father of William I.

Robert II. 1054-1134. Duke of Normandy 1087-1106. Son of William I. Led First Crusade.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Rossini, Gioacchino. 1792-1868. Italian opera composer: Barber of Seville 1816. William Tell 1829.

Rowley, William. 1585-1642. English actor, playwright. All’s Lost by Lust 1619.

Royal Academy of Arts. 1768. 40 members. Based on Hogarth’s Society of Independent Artists.

Russell, William. 1639-83. English Whig. Executed, then acquitted for Rye House Plot.

Ruthven, Raid of. 1582. James VI of Scotland kidnapped by William Ruthven (1541-84).

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Salesbury, William. c1520-84. Welsh lexicographer. Translated New Testament to Welsh 1567.

Salvation Army. 1865. Booth Christian charitable organization. Named 1878.

Saroyan, William. 1908-81. US writer. The Time of Your Life 1939.

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