Coty, René. 1882-1962. President of France, 1954-59. Algerian Crisis 1958, led to return of deGaulle.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cuban Revolution. 1956-9. Castro overthrows Batista.

Cultural Revolution. 1966-9. Mao’s Red Guards purge China of bourgeois, capitalist elements.

Daughters of the American Revolution. 1890-. Patriotic organization of revolutionaries’ descendants.

Deane, Silas. 1737-89. American Revolutionary. First US foreign diplomat.

Decembrists. 1825. Conspiracy to overthrow Czar Nicholas I. Betrayed. Established Russia’s revolutionary tradition.

Dialectical Materialism. Exploited workers...capital concentration...socialist revolution...dictatorship of proletariat...elimination of class...Communism. Hegel. Marx. Engels. Lenin.

Diamond Necklace Affair. 1785. Necklace bought for Marie Antionette; not paid for. French Revolution.

Diplomatic Revolution. 1756. Reversal of alliances led to Seven Years War.

Duer, William. 1747-99. American Revolution financier. Imprisoned for debt causing 1792 panic.

Duma. 1906-17. Russian parliament created by Nicholas II after Revolution.

Eisner, Kurt. 1867-1919. German Socialist Revolutionary leader. First Bavarian Prime Minister.

Émigrés. Royalist sympathizers who fled France during Revolution.

Encyclopédists. 1751-72. Group who wrote encyclopaedia under Diderot. Voltaire, Helvetius, D’Alembert. As sceptics, they popularized social ideas which led to the French Revolution.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

English Revolution. 1688. Glorious Revolution.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

February Revolution. 1848. Established French Second Republic.

February Revolution. 1917. Early phase of Russian Revolution. Czar overthrown. Provisional Gov’t.

Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Filibusters. 1850s. US adventurers who illegally organized revolutions in Central America. Walker.

First Coalition. 1792. European countries opposed to French Revolution.

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