Tatars. Ancient: Mongols who merged with Golden Horde, invaded Europe 13C. Tatarstan.

Tenochtitlan. 1325-1521 Aztec capital, on site of Mexico City.

Teutonic Knights. c1190-1809. Military Germanic order to treat wounded crusaders. 13-14C Empire over Prussia, Estonia, Latvia. Tannenberg.

Theodora. c500-48. Byzantine Empress, adviser, wife of Justinian I.

Thessaloniki. 315BC Rebuilt by Cassander. 168BC Rome...Byzantine. 42BC Independent. 8-12C Many conquerers. 904 Saracen. 1185 Norman. 1246 Byzantine. 1423 Venice. 1430 Turks. 1913 Greece.

Thököly, Imre. 1657-1705. Led Hungarian Protestant rebels vs Austria. Besieged Vienna with Turks 1683.

Thrace. Region of SE Balkan peninsula. c700BC Greek colonies. c512-480BC Persia. 4C BC Macedonia. 1C BC Rome...Byzantine. 7C Bulgaria(N). 1453 Ottoman. Post WWI split Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria.

Three Feudatories, Revolt. 1673-81. Ming generals unsuccessful revolt vs Manchu Empire.

Thutmose III. -1450BC. Egyptian king 1504BC-. Conqueror. Peak of Egyptian Empire.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tiglath-pileser III. -727BC. Assyrian king c745-. Expanded empire to Persia, Babylon.

Tigris-Euphrates. SW Asian river system. Assyrian, Chaldean civilizations.

Trabzon Empire. 1204-1461. Independent Byzantine Empire after fall of Constantinople. Defeated by Ottomans.

Tribonian. -545 Byzantine. Compiled Corpus Juris Civilis law code 529.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Turkey. Established 1920 by Treaty of Sèvres from Ottoman Empire. 1923 Republic. Atatürk.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Turks. Central Asian tribe. 11-13C came to Middle East. Built Ottoman Empire. Seljuks.

Tyre. c2000BC Phoenicia. 14C Egypt. 9C Founded Carthage. 8C Assyria. 538 Persia. 332 Alexander...Seleucid. 125 Autonomous. 68BC Rome. 636 Moslem. 1124 Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1291 Mameluks destroy.

Uighur Empire. 8-9C. Turkic Sunni peoples of Inner Asia.

Umayyad. 661-750. Sunni Moslem dynasty of Caliphate Empire. Defeated by Abbasid revolt. Abd ar-Rahman escaped to establish dynasty in Spain 756-1031.

United Empire Loyalists. 18C. Colonists who supported Britain during American Revolution, went to Canada.

Uthman, ibn ’Affan. -656. Third Moslem caliph. Declared official version of Koran. Assassinated.

Uzbekistan. Bactria. 711 Arabs. 1220 Golden Horde brings Uzbeks. 1494 Shaybanids. 1875 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Vandals. Germans fleeing Huns, invaded Gaul, Spain 409 and Africa 429-534. Sacked Rome 455. Arians, persecuted other Christians. Routed by Byzantines 533.

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