Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Exarchate of Ravenna. 6-8C. Part of Italy belonging to Byzantine Empire. Ravenna.

Fatimid. 909-1171. N African, Middle East Shi’ite Empire.

Ferdinand. 1861-1948. Crown prince 1887-, First czar of Bulgaria 1908-18. Fought Ottomans. Gained independence.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Fontaine, Pierre. 1762-1853. French Empire architect. Louvre Cour Carrée.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Francis II. 1768-1835. Last HRE 1792-1806. Empire dissolved. Francis I of Austria 1804-.

Francis Joseph I. 1830-1916. Austrian Empire. 1848-. King of Hungary 1867-. Bismarck. Triple Alliance. Dual Monarchy.

Frankish Kingdom, East. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern Germany.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Funan Empire. 1-6C. Cambodia. Khmer.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Genghis Khan. c1160-1227. Founder of the Mongol Empire. Black Sea to Pacific.

Genoa. Ligurian. 3C BC Rome...Byzantine. 641 Lombard. 12C Republic. 13C Empire. 14-15C Decline. 1797 France 1814 «Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Georgia. 6C BC Achaemenid. 4C BC Alexander. 65BC Rome. 330 Christian. 4-5C Sassanids, Byzantine dispute. 6C Sass. 7C Moslem. 8C 2 Kingdoms. c1000 United. 1220 Mongol(E). 14C United. 15C Turk/Persian. 1801 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1921 Soviet Republic. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Ghazan, Mahmud. 1271-1304. Mongol Persian ruler 1295-. Made Islam state religion.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Granada. 745-1492 Moors. Last Moslem kingdom in Spain. Alhambra.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Greek Fire. 648. Byzantine secret weapon. Flammable substance that ignited on contact with water invented by Callinicus of Heliopolis.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Guatemala. Maya. 1523 Spain. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1839 Independent. Many Mayan revolts. 1954 CIA led coup. Military Dictatorship. 1980-96 Genocide. 1996 Peace.

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