Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Russo-Turkish Wars. 16-19C. Russia gains Black Sea to Balkans from crumbling Ottoman Empire in 10 wars. Assist Serb, Romanian independence. Crimean War.

Ruthenian Church. 1594- = Uniate Catholic. Slavonic Roman Catholic. 1940 Allegiance changed to Russian Orthodox.

Sabines. Ancient Italian tribe whose women were seized by Romans as wives (legend). 290BC Conquered.

Sallust. c86-34BC. Roman historian. Expelled from Senate for immorality. Catilina.

Salonika Campaign. 1915-18. Allies take Serbia, Romania. Force Constantine I to abdicate.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Saturn. Roman god of agriculture and civilization. = Cronus. Saturnalia festival influenced Christmas.

Savigny, Friedrich von. 1779-1861. German jurist, historian of Roman and medieval law. Modern system of civil law.

Saxon Dynasty. Kings of Germans 919-, Holy Roman Empire 962-1024.

Scaevola, Quintus. -82BC. Roman consul. Law limiting citizenship led to Social War.

Scarron, Paul. 1610-60. French dramatist, novelist. Le Roman Comique 1651-9.

Schema de Parvo. 1870. Roman Catholic catechism.

Schiller, Friedrich. 1759-1805. German Romantic writer of historical dramas and lyric poetry. Popularized William Tell 1804. -“inner direction” Wallenstein 1800.

Schlegel, August von. 1767-1854. German Romantic scholar, Shakespeare translator.

Schlegel, Friedrich von. 1772-1829. German Romantic critic.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schumann, Robert. 1810-56. German Romantic piano, choral composer. Lyrical works. Spring Symphony 1841. Rhenish Symphony 1850.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Scott, Walter. 1771-1832. Prolific Scottish Romantic historical novelist. Lady of the Lake 1810; Waverley 1814; Ivanhoe 1819.

Senate. 509BC. Roman governing body. 401BC Plebians admitted. 44BC lost most power to Caesar.

Seneca, Lucius. c4BC-65. Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist. Influenced Renaissance drama.

Severus, Lucius. 146-211. Roman Emperor. 193-. Began absolute despotism.

421 more results ...