Pannonia. c35BC Roman province. Hungary, Austria, north Yugoslavia, Slovakia.

Papal States. 756-1870. Italian territory under Pope. Recognized 1279 by HRE; lost during Italian Unification. Pepin Donation.

Parnassians. 1867-99. French detached anti-Romantic poetry school. Leconte de Lisle. Sully-Prudhomme. Verlaine. Gautier. Baudelaire.

Patricians. -287BC. Roman upper class. Plebeians. Nobiles.

Paul IV. Pope 1555-9. Curtailed corruption. Roman Inquisition. Created Jewish ghetto in Rome 1555.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Penates. Roman household gods.

Persius. 34-62. Roman satirical poet. Stoic.

Petit Pont. 1852. Bridge across Seine at site of original Roman crossing.

Petronius, Caius. -66 Roman satirist in Nero’s court. Satyricon.

Pfitzner, Hans. 1869-1949. German Post-romantic opera composer. Palestrina 1917.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philopappus. Syrian prince. Roman consul. Monument faces on Acropolis.

Picts. Inhabitants of Scotland. Repelled Romans. Subdued by MacAlpin 843 creating Alban.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pillnitz, Declaration of. 1791. Holy Roman Empire, Prussia support Restoration in France. French Revolutionary Wars.

Plautus. c254-184BC. Roman comic poet: Amphitryon.

Plebeians. -287BC. Roman common citizens. Patricians.

Pliny the Elder. 23-79. Roman naturalist. Died investigating Vesuvius eruption.Historia Naturalis.

Pliny the Younger. c62-113. Wrote letters of Roman life.

Plutarch. c50-119+. Greek/Roman biographer and moralist. Influenced Rousseau. Parallel Lives.

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