Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montgomery, L.M. 1874-1942. Canadian Romantic children’s novelist. Anne of Green Gables 1908.

Mozarabs. 8-11C. Christians who adopted Moslem language and culture in Spain but remained Catholic.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Mysteries. Secret Roman/Greek religious cults. Orphic.

Neptune. Roman god of the Sea = Poseidon. Trident.

Nero. 37-68. Cruel, licentious Roman Emperor 54-. Persecuted Christians. Killed mother, wife. Blamed for fire, 63. Golden House.

Netherlands. Celts, Germans. 1C Rome. 400 Franks...Carolingian. 9C HRE. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1581 Independent(N) = United Provinces. 1795 France. Batavian Republic. 1806 Kingdom of Holland. 1810 «France. 1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands. 1830 -Belgium. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Nobiles. 3C- Roman ruling aristocracy. Patricians and office holding Plebeians.

Novalis. 1772-1801. German Romantic poet.

Occitan. Langue d’Oc. Romance language of southern France. Dialects include Provençale, the language of the troubadours. Oil.

Oehlenschläger, Adam. 1779-1850. Danish Romantic poet.

Old Catholics. 1870. Catholic sect vs papal infallibility. Joined Church of England 1931.

Ops. Roman goddess of harvest, fertility. = Rhea.

Orcus. Roman god of underworld and dead. = Hades.

Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Orsini. 12C-. Influential Roman family. Popes Celestine III, Nicholas III, Benedict XIII.

Otakar II. -1278. King of Bohemia 1252-. Killed at Dürnkrut opposing HRE Rudolf I.

Otto I. The Great. 912-73. King of Germany, 936-. Founded Holy Roman Empire, 962. Deposed Pope John XII.

Ovid. 43BC-17 AD. Roman poet: Art of Love. Tristia. Metamorphoses.

Pacification of Ghent. 1576. Catholic, Protestant truce in Netherlands to revolt vs Spanish occupiers.

Padilla, Juan de. 1490-1521. Spanish revolutionary. Led Communeros vs Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Executed.

Palladian. Classical Roman British architecture. 1615-35 and 1715-60. Inigo Jones. Palladio.

Palladio, Andrea. 1508-80. Italian architect. Reintroduced Roman symmetry and proportion to Venetian villas. Suspension Bridge 1550. Architecture 1570.

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