Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.

Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.

Ionesco, Eugène. 1912-94. Romanian/French dramatist of Absurd. Bald Prima Donna 1950. Rhinoceros 1959.

Iron Guard. 1924-41. Romanian anti-semite fascist party.

Italian Wars. 1494-1559. Spain, HRE defeat France for control of Italy.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Jean de Meung. 1240-1305. French poet. Roman de la Rose 1280.

Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.

Joseph I. 1678-1711. Holy Roman Emperor 1705-. Supported Charles VI vs France in War of Spanish Succession.

Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.

Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.

Juno. Roman goddess of women and marriage. = Hera. Frigg.

Jupiter. (Jove). Roman chief god. = Zeus.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Juvenal. c60-127. Romanic stoic poet: Satires.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Keats, John. 1795-1821. English Romantic sensuous lyric poet: Odes 1819, Isabella.

Knights of Columbus. 1882-. US RC men’s lay organization.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Labienus, Quintus. -39BC. Roman general. Defeated Parisii, 52BC.

Lamartine, Alphonse de. 1790-1869. French Romantic poet. Méditations Poétiques 1820.

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