Frigg. Wife of Odin, Roman =Juno.

Gaiseric. 390-477. Vandal and Alani King 428-. Conquered Roman Africa 429. Sacked Rome 455.

Gaius. 2C. Roman jurist. Institutes 161.

Galatia. 275BC Area of Turkey taken by Gauls. 189BC Romans conq.

Galba. Roman Emperor 68-69.

Galerius. -311. Roman Emperor of the East, 305-. Persecuted Christians. Edict of Tolerance, 311.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Gallienus, Publius. -268 Roman Emperor. 253-. Lost Gaul, eastern areas. Revolt of 30 Tyrants.

Gericault, Théodore. 1791-1824. French painter. First Romantic. Officers 1812. Raft of Medusa 1819.

Germany. HRE. 1806 Confederation of Rhine. 1815 German Confederation. 1818 Zollverein. 1866 -Austria =North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Third Reich. 1949 German Democratic Republic(E), Federal Republic of Germany(W). 1990 re-united.

Gibbon, Edward. 1737-94. English historian. Decline and Fall of Roman Empire 1776-88.

Giulio Romano. 1492-1546. Italian Mannerist painter, architect. Palazzo del Te 1525/6.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Golden Bull. 1356. Charles IV edict eliminating papal power in selection of Holy Roman Emperor.

Golden House. 65. Nero’s huge Roman palace.

Goncalves Dias, Antonio. 1823-64. Romantic “National” poet of Brazil.

Good Emperors. 96-169. Romans, Nerva to Verus.

Gracchus, Tiberius. c163-133BC. Roman tribune 133, reformer. Killed in riot. Scipio.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hapsburg. Dynasty ruled Austria 1278-1918, Spain 1516-1700, Holy Roman Empire 1273-1806, Netherlands. 1712-97, Hungary 1526~1918.

Helvetia. Roman name for Switzerland.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

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