Bellarmine, St. Robert. 1542-1621. Italian Jesuit defender of RC church vs Protestantism, Copernican theory, heretics. Galileo.

Bellini, Vincenzo. 1801-35. Italian Romantic opera composer. Norma 1831.

Bellona. Roman goddess of war. Mars’ sister.

Benedictines. 529-. RC monastic order. Spread Christianity. Preserved Latin culture.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Boadicea. -60. British Iceni Queen. Led rebellion vs Romans over taxes, 60.

Bocskay, István. 1557-1606. Hungarian rebel vs HRE Catholicism. Gained Transylvania from Rudolf II. Vienna Peace, 1606.

Boethius. 475-524. Roman translator of Aristotle. Neoplatonic. Stoic. Consolation of Philosophy 523 (while imprisoned).

Bohemia. Celts. 5-6C Slavs. 9C Unified. 1061 HRE. 10C + Moravia + Silesia + Galicia. 1158 Kingdom. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German. 1993 Czech Republic.

Bollandists. 1629-. Belgian Jesuits. Update Acta Santorium, (Lives of Roman Catholic saints).

Bona Dea. Roman fertility goddess. = Fauna.

Borel, Petrus. 1809-59. French Romantic poet, writer.

Boyne, Battle. 1690. James II attempts to retake throne; defeated by William III, ending Catholic Stuart power in Ireland. Celebrated by Orangemen, Jul 12.

Brahms, Johannes. 1833-97. German composer. “Romantic spirit controlled by a classical intellect”. Requiem 1868.

Brancusi, Constantin. 1876-1957. Romanian abstract sculptor. Bird in Space 1919.

Britain. Anglicized Roman Brittania. Great Britain.

Bronte, Charlotte. 1816-55. English Romantic author: Jane Eyre 1847; Shirley, Villette 1853.

Bronte, Emily. 1818-48. English Romantic novelist of passionate intensity: Wuthering Heights 1847.

Bruckner, Anton. 1824-96. Austrian Classical Romantic composer of symphonies, masses. Romantic Symphony 1874.

Brundisium, Treaty. 40BC. Antony rules east, Octavian rules west of Roman Empire.

Brutus, Lucius. Ousted Etruscan Tarquinius to found Roman republic 509BC..

Bucharest, Treaty. 1812. Ended Russo-Turkish War. 1886. Serbia restores Rumelia to Bulgaria. 1913. Settled 2nd Balkan War. 1918. Romania capitulates to Central Powers. Voided by Allied victory.

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