Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Venezuelan Claims. 1902-7. European countries blockade ports to press for loan repayment.

Verner, Karl. 1846-96. Danish philologist of Indo-European languages. Phonetics 1875.

White Australia Policy. 1901-72. Anti-non-European immigration policies.

Yiddish. 12C- European Jewish language from High German+Hebrew+Slavic.

AFL-CIO. American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. AFL 1886. CIO 1935. Merged, 1955. US labour union federation.

American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU. 1920-. US legal action group supporting civil rights.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

Anne. 1665-1714. British Queen 1702-. Reign notable for literarature, science, architecture. Last Stuart. Acts of Union, Settlement.

Anne of Bretagne. 1477-1514. Wife of Charles VIII, 1491, then of Louis XII, 1499. Began union of Brittany with France.

Anti-Socialist Law. 1878-90. Germans ban unions.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Benelux. 1948-93. Economic union of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg. EU.

Beria, Laurenty. 1899-1953. Soviet commisar in charge of Stalin’s security police 1938-.

Berlin Wall. 1961-89. Soviet troops erect. US guarantees West Berlin’s freedom.

Borden, Robert. 1854-1937. Canadian Cons Prime Minister 1911-20. Union Gov’t. Imperial War Cabinet. Women suffrage.

Brezhnev, Leonid. 1906-82. Soviet First Secretary 1964-. Detente. Brezhnev Doctrine.

Brezhnev Doctrine. 1968. Justified Czech invasion by Soviet right to defend Socialism worldwide.

Briand, Aristide. 1862-1932. French Prime Minister 1909~29, orator. “Separation of Church and State”, 1905. Advocated union of Europe. Kellogg-Briand.

Bulganin, Nikolai. 1895-1975. Soviet Prime Minister 1955-8 with Khrushchev.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

Christian II. King of Denmark and Norway, 1513-23; Sweden, 1520-3. End of Kalmar Union. Stockholm bloodbath.

Combination Acts. 1799, 1800. Britain outlaws trade unions. Repealed 1824.

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