Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

French West Africa. 1895-1958. Dahomey, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkino Faso.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

German South-West Africa. 1884 Protectorate. 1892-1919 Colony. Namibia.

Germany, Federal Republic of. (FRG). 1949-90 West Germany. 1955 NATO. 1990 +GDR =Germany.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Greeley, Horace. 1811-72. US founder of New Yorker, NY Tribune. Slavery critic. -“Go west, young man!”

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Hearn, Lafcadio. 1850-1904. Translator; brought Japanese culture to West.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Houphouët-Boigny, Félix. 1905-93. West African leader. President of Ivory Coast 1960-.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Iberia. c6C-65BC. Kingdom in southwest Russia.

Indian Territory. 1834. Originally all territory west of Mississippi. Later, reservations in Oklahoma.

Intolerable Acts. 1774. British response to Boston Tea Party, Gaspee burning. Closed Boston Harbor. Established military government. Midwest under Quebec rule...Continental Congress.

Ito Hirobumi. 1841-1909. Westernizing Japanese statesman. First Parliament 1890.

Ivory Coast. Baulé, Kru, Lobi, Senefu. 1895 French West Africa. 1960 Independent republic. Cote d’Ivoire.

John V. 1332-91. Byzantine Empire 1341~91. Tried to unite East-West Schism to fight Turks.

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