Yüan Shih-kai. 1859-1916. First president of Chinese Republic 1912-. Attempts to establish a new dynasty failed. Warlords.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zama, Battle. 202BC. Rome defeats Hannibal near Carthage. Punic Wars.

Zeebrugge, Raid. 1918. Allied attempt to block harbour, trapping German submarines, warships.

Zimmerman Telegram. 1917. Germany suggests Mexican alliance if US enters war. Interception aroused public vs Germany.

Zollverein. 1818-71. German economic agreements led by Prussia...German Customs Union 1834. First steps toward union.

Zouaves. 1831-71. French African infantry. Algeria. Crimean War.

Zulu War. 1879. Resistance to Rhodes(British) expansion in South Africa quelled.

Zululand. c1800 Mtetwa Empire. 1843 British. 1897 Natal. Boer War.

Zwingli, Huldrych. 1484-1531. Swiss humanist and religious reformer. Zurich Reformation 1522. Urged priests to marry. Attacked Roman mass and worship of images. Swiss Evangelical Church. Killed in Kappel Wars.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bolivar, Simon. 1783-1830. “Liberator of South America”. 1812- Led rebels in Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru.

Borodino, Battle. 1812. Napoleon defeats Kutuzov on way to Moscow.

Browning, Robert. 1812-89. English epic poet: Ring and the Book.

Cadiz, Constitution. 1812-13. Limited monarchy.

Conscience, Hendrik. 1812-83. Romantic novelist; developed Flemish novel.

Dalhousie, First Marquess. 1812-60. British Governor General of India 1847-56. Annexed Punjab, 1849, Rangoon, Burma. Built railway, telegraph. Lapse doctrine caused Indian Mutiny.

Delany, Martin. 1812-85. US black physician. Founded Mystery newspaper for black rights.

Dickens, Charles. 1812-1870. English popular humanitarian writer and social critic. Created original, colorful memorable characters. Pickwick Papers 1837. Oliver Twist 1838. Christmas Carol 1843. David Copperfield 1850. Great Expectations 1861.

Drury Lane. 1663. Oldest English theatre, London. Rebuilt 1674, 1812.

Galle, Johann. 1812-1910. German. Discovered Neptune 1846.

Gericault, Théodore. 1791-1824. French painter. First Romantic. Officers 1812. Raft of Medusa 1819.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

Herzen, Aleksandr. 1812-70. Russian revolutionary writer.

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