Coubertin, Pierre. 1863-1937. French educator, Olympics organizer.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Cousteau, Jacques. 1910-97. French underwater explorer.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Curie, Irene. Joliot-Curie.

Curzon Line. 1920. Russo-Polish armistice line. Became border, 1945.

Cyprus. Stone, Bronze Age civilizations. 1450BC Egypt. 1200BC Greek. 1000 Phoenicia. 709 Assyria. 569 Egypt. 6C Persia. 333 Macedonia. 294 Egypt. 47BC Rome...330 AD Byzantine. 7C Moslem. 1191 Crusaders. 1489 Venice. 1571 Turk. 1878 British lease...1914 Britain annexes. 1927 Crown Colony. 1960 Republic. 1963-4 Civil War, Greece and Turkey intervene. 1974 Turkey invades, partition.

Czechoslovakia Intervention. 1968. Russian troops end Dubcek reform policies. Warsaw Pact maintains right to intervene anywhere Socialism is threatened.

Dabrowski, Jan. 1755-1818. Polish general under Napoleon, hero in rebellion vs Russia.

Daedalus. Builder of the Crete labyrinth. Escaped Minos with artificial wings. Icarus.

Dalai Lama. 14C- Leader of Tibetan Buddhists. Ruled Tibet until 1959 exile to India. Lamaism. Yellow Hats. Tenzin Gyatso.

Danaïdes. 50 daughters of Danaus. 49 condemed to fill sieves for murdering their husbands. Hypermestra.

Dance, George. (The Elder). British designer of Mansion House 1737, London Bridge rebuild 1746.

Dance, George. (The Younger). 1741-1825. English Neoclassical architect College of Surgeons 1813. Founder, Royal Academy.

Danelaw. 878-955. NE England under Viking occupation and the laws in effect.

Danton, Georges. 1759-94. French Cordelier, Jacobin. Girondin leader 1792-3. Defeated foreign interveners. Executed by Robespierre.

Dario, Ruben. 1867-1916. Published Azul 1888, starting Modernismo movement.

Darius I. 550-486BC. Persian King 522-. Defeated by the Greeks at Marathon after expanding empire. Great builder and administrator.

Darius III. Last Persian King, 335-330BC. Beaten by Alexander the Great.

Daudet, Leon. 1867-1942. Cofounder of Action Française, 1908.

Daumesnil, Gen. (Peg Leg). Defender of Vincennes, 1814. “Give me back my leg, and I’ll give you Vincennes.”

Davis, Jefferson. 1808-89. US Confederate president during Civil War.

Day, Benjamin. 1810-89. US founder New York Sun 1833. Brother Jonathan 1842.

Deacon. Christian cleric. Lowest rank of Episcopal Holy Orders. Protestant lay official.

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