Strasser, Gregor. 1892-1934. German Nazi leader, Hitler rival. Assassinated.

Strauss, Johann. 1825-99. Austrian composer of 150 waltzes. Blue Danube 1867. Operettas. Die Fledermaus 1874. “Waltz King”.

Streicher, Julius. 1885-1946. German Nazi leader. Executed.

Stuart, Arabella. 1575-1615. Pretender to English throne. Died in Tower.

Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Suárez, Francisco. 1548-1617. Spanish Scholastic philosopher, Jesuit theologian. Wrote against divine right of kings.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Sukarno. 1901-70. Indonesian nationalist leader, president 1949-67. Sought communist ties. Authoritative ‘guided democracy’.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sultan. Islamic spiritual and political leader.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Sunderland, Earl of. 1674-1722. British Whig minister. South Sea National Debt scheme.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Susanna. Biblical woman wrongfully accused by elders of adultery.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Taisho. 1879-1926. Japanese Emperor 1912-. Modernization, liberalism, imperialism.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Talât Pasha. 1874-1921. Young Turk leader. Ruled with Triumvirate 1913-18.

Taliban. 1994. Militia created to unite Afghanistan under Sharia, strict Islamic law. Wahabi.

Talleyrand, Maurice de. 1754-1838. French politician under Directory and Empire. Congress of Vienna.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Targowica, Confederation. 1792. Conservative Poles begin war. Second partition 1793.

Tatarstan. 8C Bulgars settle. Tatars. 13C Golden Horde. 1552 Russia. 1991 Independent Republic within Russian Federation.

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