Commune. 1789-94. Paris council. Overode the National Assembly by controlling administration.

Conceptualism. Reality has no objective existence; it is a concept in the mind. Abelard.

Concord, Book of. 1580. Synthesis of creeds and catechisms of Lutheranism.

Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.

Congregationalism. 1581-. Protestant Church organization of local churches governing themselves. Browne.

Congreve, William. 1670-1729. English playwright of manners. Way of the World 1700.

Corinthian Wars. 395-387BC. Athens and allies overcome Spartan domination.

Coué, Émile. 1857-1926. French Positivist psychotherapist. Autosuggestion. “Every day and in every way I am getting better and better.” 1920.

Council of the Republic. 1917. Russian provisional government.

Counter-Reformation. 1517-1622. Catholic reform that followed the Reformation. Trent.

Courbet, Gustave. 1819-77. French Realist painter, socialist activist. Commune. The Artist’s Studio 1855.

Court of Miracles. In Middle Ages in Paris, area where beggars lived at night, shedding their wooden legs, etc.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Cowper, William. 1731-1800. English poet. The Task.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Cranach, Lucas. 1472-1553. German painter and engraver. Luther 1533.

Creon. Oedipus’ uncle. King of Thebes. Killed Antigone.

Cressida. Unfaithful to Troilus, she deserted Troy for the Greeks.

Crichton, James “The Admirable”. 1560-82. Scottish adventurer/scholar.

Crispi, Francesco. 1819-1901. Italian Prime Minister 1887~96. Thousand.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Crystal Palace. 1851. Built for the Great Exhibition, London. First iron-framed. Burned, 1936. Paxton.

Cubism, Synthetic. 1913. Braque and Picasso create a collage form of painting.

Culpeper’s Rebellion. 1677-79. Carolina colonists vs England. Establish their own government.

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