María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maria Theresa. 1717-80. Hapsburg Empress of Austria-Hungary 1740-. War of Austrian Succession.

Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Marprelate Tracts. 1588-9. Anonymous seditious Puritan pamphlets for which Penry was executed.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martí, José. 1853-95. Led Cuban war vs Spain.

Matabele War. 1894-6. Rhodesia natives vs British. Mediated by Rhodes. Ndebele.

Matterhorn. 14,691 ft. First climbed in 1865 by Whymper.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Maximilian I. The Great. 1573-1651. Duke of Bavaria. Founded Catholic League 1609. Thirty Years War.

May Demonstrations. 1968 Paris student uprising for more money to education, less to defence. General Strike brought 33% increase in minimum wage.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

McAdoo, William. 1863-1941. Founded US Federal Reserve Board 1913. Raised $18B for war effort.

McKinley, William. 1843-1901. US President 1897-. Spanish American War. Gained Hawaii. Assassinated by anarchist.

Medway, Battle. 1667. Dutch destroy British fleet. Breda Treaty.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Meredith, George. 1828-1909. English manners novelist. Intellectual, witty and poetic. Ordeal 1859. Egoist 1879. Dianna of the Crossways 1885.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

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