Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

Creek War. 1813-14. Creek Indians defeated by Jackson, give up lands to US.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Cronus. Greek Titan = Saturn. Swallowed own children.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cuban Revolution. 1956-9. Castro overthrows Batista.

Cuchulain. Legendary powerful Irish warrior.

CWA. Civil Works Admin. US New Deal project employed 4M.

Cyprus. Stone, Bronze Age civilizations. 1450BC Egypt. 1200BC Greek. 1000 Phoenicia. 709 Assyria. 569 Egypt. 6C Persia. 333 Macedonia. 294 Egypt. 47BC Rome...330 AD Byzantine. 7C Moslem. 1191 Crusaders. 1489 Venice. 1571 Turk. 1878 British lease...1914 Britain annexes. 1927 Crown Colony. 1960 Republic. 1963-4 Civil War, Greece and Turkey intervene. 1974 Turkey invades, partition.

Czechoslovakia Intervention. 1968. Russian troops end Dubcek reform policies. Warsaw Pact maintains right to intervene anywhere Socialism is threatened.

Dalhousie, First Marquess. 1812-60. British Governor General of India 1847-56. Annexed Punjab, 1849, Rangoon, Burma. Built railway, telegraph. Lapse doctrine caused Indian Mutiny.

Damon and Pythias. Syracuse true friends. Damon pledged his life for Pythias’, awaiting execution.

Dares Phrygius. Trojan Priest. Wrote about Trojan Wars.

Dark Ages. c500-1000. Period of decline, frequent war. Little documentation survives.

David, St. 6C. Patron saint of Wales.

David ap Gaiffudd. -1283. Last native Prince of Wales. Rebelled vs English. Executed.

Davis, Jefferson. 1808-89. US Confederate president during Civil War.

Davout, Louis. 1770-1823. Napoleon’s general, Minister of War 1815.

Dayan, Moshe. 1915-81. Israeli general in Arab-Israeli Wars. Cabinet Minister 1967~79.

De La Mare, Walter. 1873-1956. English children’s poet, novelist.

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