Shiloh, Battle. 1862. Second American Civil War battle. No clear victor.

Shimonoseki Treaty. 1895. Ended first Sino-Japanese War. Japan gained Taiwan, Port Arthur. Korea independent.

Shirikawa. 1053-1129. Japanese Emperor. Abdicated to avoid ceremony. Retained power.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sickert, Walter. 1860-1942. German/English Impressionist painter.

Siegfried Line. 1937-40 German fortifications on western frontier = West Wall. Also, part of Hindenburg Line.

Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

Sikh Wars. 1845-6 Sikhs invade India, British take Kashmir. 1848-9 Sikh revolt, Britain takes Punjab.

Silesian Wars. 1740-5. Prussia takes Silesia from Austria. Austrian Succession.

Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Sino-French War. 1883-85. France wins control of Vietnam.

Sino-Japanese War. 1894-5. Over Korea. Shimonoseki Treaty.

Sino-Japanese War. 1937-45. Japanese invade China. WWII.

Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.

Siward. -1055. Danish earl of Northumbria. Helped Edward the Confessor. Defeated Macbeth.

Six Day War. 1967. Israel wins Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza, Old Jerusalem, West Bank. Opened Gulf of Aqaba.

Skanda. Hindu war god.

Smoot-Hawley Act. 1930-37. US tarrifs begin trade war, deepening Depression.

Soccer War. 1969. Honduras vs El Salvador. Triggered by football game and economic conditions.

Social War. 90-89BC. Tribal rebellion. Rome grants citizenship to all allies.

Solidarity. 1980. Polish workers movement led by Walesa. Martial Law 1981-83. Democratic elections 1989.

Somerset. 2nd duke. c1406-1455. English general. Lost English territory in France. Quarrel with Duke of York led to War of Roses.

Sonderbund. 1845-7. League of Catholic Swiss cantons defeated in civil war.

Sophists. 5-4C BC. Wandering Greek philosophers who taught rhetoric and logic for a fee. Protagoras.

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