Tudor, Owen. 1400-61. Welsh. Married Henry V’s widow, Catherine of Valois. Founded Tudor dynasty.

Tuileries, Storming of. 1792 Massacre of Swiss Guards. King’s authority suspended. French Revolution.

Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Turckheim, Battle. 1675. French recapture Alsace from Austria in Dutch War.

Turgenev, Ivan. 1818-83. Russian writer. Fathers and Sons 1862.

Turkish War. 1714-18. Austria, Russia, Venice vs Turkey. Passarowitz.

Turkmanchay, Treaty. 1828. Persia cedes Armenia, ending Russo-Persian War 1826-8.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Turner, Nat. 1800-31. US slave. Led revolt 1831, killing 51 whites. Repressive laws vs slaves enacted.

Turpin, Dick. 1706-39. Romanticized English highwayman. Mythical York-London ride.

TVA. Tennessee Valley Authority. New Deal hydroelectric project.

Twain, Mark. (Samuel Clemens) 1835-1910. US humorist: Innocents Abroad 1869. Tom Sawyer 1876. Huckleberry Finn 1885.

Tweed, William. 1823-78. NY city “boss” controlled patronage through Tammany Society. Exposed by NY Times.

Twelve Tables. 451BC Roman law code.

Twelve Tribes of Israel. Hebrews who settled promised land after Exodus. Each led by a son or grandson of Jacob (Israel). Hence, Israelites.

Twenty-One Demands. 1915. China submits to Japanese threats. Japan controls Manchuria, Mongolia and have access to ports and islands.

26th of July Movement. 1956-9. Castro rebels in Cuban Revolution. Named for date of failed attack on Santiago barracks 1953.

Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

Two Sicilies. Naples and Sicily. All Italy south of papal states. 11C Norman. 12C HRE. 1282 Angevin(N)/Aragon(S). 1443 Aragon. 1495-1504 French(N). 1713 Austria(N) /Savoy(S). 1734 Spain. 1759 Independent Bourbon. 1799-1802 France. 1861 Italy.

Two Thousand Words. 1968. Czech proclamation supporting Dubcek reforms prompts Russian Invasion.

Tyler, Wat. -1381. Led English Peasants’ Revolt vs taxation 1381. Executed.

Tylor, Edward. 1832-1917. British founder of cultural anthropology.

Tyndale, William. 1494-1536. English Protestant martyr. First English language bible.

Tyndall, John. 1820-93. Irish physicist. Tyndall Effect - why the sky is blue.

Tynwald. 800- Isle of Man parliament, supreme court.

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