Scalawags. White southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction.

Scaramouche. Italian clown, at 83 could knock off his partner’s hat with a high kick.

Sceptics. We can know nothing more than the fleeting images of consciousness. Most is unknowable. Pyrrho.

Scheele, Carl. 1742-86. Sweden. Discovered oxygen 1771/2, independent of Priestley. Chlorine gas 1774.

Scheherazade. Entertained the Sultan of the Indies for 1001 nghts with stories, delaying her execution.

Scheidemann, Philipp. 1865-1939. First chancellor of Weimar Republic 1918.

Schickard, Wilhelm. 1592-1635. Dutch inventor of “calculating clock”, mechanical calculator.

Schiller, Friedrich. 1759-1805. German Romantic writer of historical dramas and lyric poetry. Popularized William Tell 1804. -“inner direction” Wallenstein 1800.

Schiner, Matthäus. c1465-1522. Led Swiss to defeat at Maignano. Established peace and neutrality of Switzerland.

Schism, Great. 1054 East-West Schism. 1378 Great Schism.

Schlegel, August von. 1767-1854. German Romantic scholar, Shakespeare translator.

Schleicher, Kurt von. 1882-1934. Last chancellor of Weimar Republic 1932-3. Opposed Hitler. Murdered by SS on Night of Long Knives.

Schleswig-Holstein. S: 975 HRE. 1027 Denmark. H: 800 Saxony. 12C Schaumburg dynasty. 1386 + S. S-H: 1460 Denmark. 1848 Self-government. 1864 Prussia/Denmark. 1867 Prussia. 1920 Denmark(N)/ Germany(S)(most).

Schley, Winfield. 1839-1911. Destroyed Spanish fleet at Santiago.

Schlieffen Plan. 1905 German military strategy to conquer France. Failed in WWI but succeeded in WWII.

Schmalkaldic League. 1531-47. Failed alliance of Protestant Princes vs HRE to defend Lutheranism. War 1546-7.

Schoenberg, Arnold. 1874-1951. Austrian/US pioneer of atonal twelve-note method-key to recent musical advances. Five Piano Pieces 1923.

Schönbrunn, Peace. 1809. Austria lost land to France, Russia, Bavaria, Warsaw in Napoleonic Wars.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Schrödinger, Erwin. 1887-1961. Austrian. Wave equation 1926.

Schumann, Robert. 1810-56. German Romantic piano, choral composer. Lyrical works. Spring Symphony 1841. Rhenish Symphony 1850.

Schurz, Carl. 1829-1906. German/US Mugwump leader.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Schwann, Theodor. 1810-82. German scientist. Isolated first enzyme from animal tissue 1836.

Schwarzenberg, Karl, Fürst zu. 1771-1820. Austrian. Commanded with Napoleon in Russia. Later led Allies vs Napoleon.

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