Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Phalangists. 1936-2000 Militant Maronites vs Moslems in Lebanese Civil War.

Phalanx. 7C BC. Greek infantry formation in 8 rows.

Pharisees. 2C BC-70. Jewish religious sect. Oral law and Torah, vs Sadducees (Torah only). Mishna.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phenomenology. Philosophy. Analysis of phenomena without preconceptions by conscious mind. Husserl.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philby, Kim. 1912-88. British/Soviet double agent 1933-51. Escaped to USSR 1963. My Secret War 1968.

Philip. Metacom. -1676. Led Massasoit in King Philip’s War.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Philippe Auguste Wall. 1210. First defensive wall around Paris.

Philippe de Champagne. Cartoonist 1631. Windows of St-Eustache.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Phillips, Wendell. 1811-84. US abolitionist, women’s suffrage, prohibition crusader.

Philo. c20BC-50. Alexandrian Jew. Reconciled Jewish faith with Greek reason.

Philoctetes. Mythical Greek warrior. Killed Paris at Troy.

Phocas. -610. Byzantine Emperor 602-. Persecuted Monophysites and Jews.

Phoebe. Greek Titan, associated with moon.

Photius. c820-91. Patriarch of Constantinople 858~86. Began Great Schism controversy.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

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