Mellon, Andrew. 1855-1937. US financier. Donated art, money to found National Gallery.

Melville, Lord. 1742-1811. British minister under Pitt. Impeached, 1805; acquitted.

Mendelssohn, Moses. 1729-86. German Jewish reform philosopher. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Menes. c3100BC. Egyptian king. United Upper and Lower Egypt.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Mercantilism. 16-18C. Economic policy opposed to Adam Smith’s. Regulation of industry and trade. Large armies. Wealth of nation is its gold.

Merchant Adventurers. 1296-1806. English trading guild with Dutch. =Hamburg Co 1578-.

Mercia. 7C-877. Anglo-Saxon kingdom in central England. Conquered by Danes, Wessex.

Merciless Parliament. Wonderful Parliament. 1388. Impeached 5 Richard II supporters.

Meredith, George. 1828-1909. English manners novelist. Intellectual, witty and poetic. Ordeal 1859. Egoist 1879. Dianna of the Crossways 1885.

Merlin. Wizard of Arthurian legend.

Mermaid Tavern. 15C-1666. London meeting place of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne et al.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Merritt, William. 1793-1862. Upper Canada trade promoter. Welland Canal 1824-9.

Mesolithic. c8000-2700BC. Middle stone age between Paleolithic, Neolithic.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Mesopotamia, Battle. 1914-16. WWI. British advance from Basra to Babylon.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Messerschmidt, Willy. 1898-1978. German plane designer and manufacturer, WWII.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Messiah. Redeemer of Christianity, Judaism, Islam who would come from God to save humanity.

Mestrovic, Ivan. 1883-1962. Croatian/US monumental sculptor. Belgrade mausoleum for unknown soldier.

Metaphysical Poets. 17C. Witty English intellectual lyric poets. Donne.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

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