Lully, J-B. 1632-87. Composer who developed French Opera overture styles. Armide 1686.

Lundy’s Lane, Battle. 1814. Canada defeats US invasion. War of 1812.

Lunéville, Treaty. 1801. Austria quit French Revolutionary War. Pope Pius VII restored.

Lusitania. 1915. British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat. Led to US joining WWI. 1198 lost.

Lusitania. Roman province ≈Portugal + west Spain.

Lutetia. Original name for Ile de la Cité, Paris, when settled in 250BC.

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

Lutyens, Edwin. 1869-1944. English architect of country houses and public buildings. Fountain at Trafalgar. New Delhi Plan 1912.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Lycurgus. c390-324BC.Led short revival of Athens after Peloponnesian War.

Lyons, Council, 2nd. 1274. Union of East, West churches. Later repudiated by Greek clergy. Schism.

Lysander. -395BC. Spartan admiral. Captured Athens 404BC. Ended Peloponnesian War.

Lysippus. 4C BC. Greek sculptor. Revised ideal human form-slender with smaller head.

Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

Macaulay, Thomas. 1800-59. British politician, writer. Essays 1843. History of England 1849-61 the “Whig interpretation of history”.

Maccabees. -63BC Jewish family. Led revolt vs Seleucids 168BC. Reconsecrated Temple of Jerusalem.

MacDonald, John A. 1815-91. Key to British North America Act, Conservative. First Prime Minister of Canada 1867~91. Pacific Railway.

MacDowell, Edward. 1860-1908. US piano composer. Symphonic poems. Saracens 1891.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Machado de Assis, Joaquim. 1839-1908. Brazilian writer. Small Winner 1881.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Mackenzie, William Lyon. 1795-1861. Led failed revolt vs Family Compact in Upper Canada 1837.

MacLeish, Archibald. 1892-1982. US poet laureate of the New Deal. Happy Marriage 1924.

MacLennan, Hugh. 1907-90. Canadian writer of social + political conflict. Two Solitudes 1945. The Watch that Ends the Night 1959.

2004 more results ...