Hindenburg, Paul von. 1847-1934. Commander in Chief of the German armies 1916-18. President of Weimar Republic 1925-. Appointed Hitler chancellor 1933.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Hippolyte. Amazon queen with gold girdle.

Hirohito. 1901-89. Emperor of Japan, 1926-. Renounced his own divinity. WWII.

Hitler, Adolf. 1889-1945. Austrian/German Nazi Chancellor 1933-, dictator 1934-. Expansionist policies led to WWII. Mein Kampf 1925.

Hoban, James. 1762-1831. US architect. White House 1792.

Hobbes, Thomas. 1588-1679. English Materialist Determinist philosopher. Nominalist. Royalist. Good is that which brings pleasure; evil, pain. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Elements of Law 1640. Leviathan 1651.

Hobson, Tobias. Cambridge innkeeper who offered no choice of hired horse. -“Hobson’s choice”.

Hodler, Ferdinand. 1853-1918. Swiss Symbolist artist. The Night 1890.

Hogarth, William. 1697-1764. English satirical mural painter. Founded Royal Academy 1739. Rake’s Progress 1732. Marriage à la Mode 1744. Pantheon 1764.

Hohenlinden, Battle. 1800. French defeat Austria. Last major battle of War of 2nd Coalition.

Hohenstaufen. German dynasty. Ruled Holy Roman Empire 1138-1254. Welfs.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Holberg, Ludvig. 1684-1754. Norwegian/Danish poet, historian. ’Foundation of Danish Literature’. Peder Paars 1719.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell. 1841-1935. US Supreme Court Justice 1902-32. Law as social instrument.

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Homer. 8C BC. Greek poet: reputed to have written the Iliad 748 and Odyssey 727BC.

Homer, Winslow. 1836-1910. US Realist seascape painter.

Homestead Acts. 1862 US grants 160 acres free to 5yr settlers. 1885 NZ, 1893 W. Australia grant free land to immigrants. Canada 160 acres for $10..

Homestead Strike. 1892. Carnegie Steel hires breakers. Gun battle ensues.

Honegger, Arthur. 1892-1955. Swiss/French modern composer. Joan of Arc 1935. Les Six.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Hooft, Pieter. 1581-1647. Dutch Renaissance poet and playwright.

Hooke, Robert. 1635-1703. English inventor of balance spring watch. Diffraction 1672. Wave theory of light.

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