Golding, William. 1911-93. English morality novelist. Lord of the Flies 1954.

Goldsmith, Oliver. 1730-74. Irish Writer: Vicar of Wakefield 1766; She Stoops to Conquer 1773.

Goldwyn, Samuel. 1882-1974. Polish/US film producer with De Mille. MGM.

Goliad Massacre. 1836. 350 Texan prisoners by Mexico in War for Independence.

Gongora, Luis de. 1561-1627. Spanish poet. Flowery style.

Good Parliament. 1376. Reforms against Edward III. Nullified 1377.

Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

Goshen. Biblical region of lower Egypt. 1882-4 Boer Republic.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Gower, John. -1408. English poet. Confessio Amantis 1393. Vox Clamantis 1384.

Gowon, Yakubu. 1934-. Ruled Nigeria 1966-75. Defeated Biafra. Reunited country.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Gran Colombia. 1819-30. Bolivar’s independent republic of former Spanish colonies. Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador. New Granada.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grand Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition in Paris.

Grande Gallery of Louvre. Longest gallery in the world, 300m.

Grant, Ulysses S. 1822-85. Commander-in-Chief Union army 1864-5 in US Civil War. President 1869-77.

Grass, Günter. 1927-. German writer. Tin Drum 1959.

Gratian. Italian monk. Codified canon Law. Decretum Gratiani c1142.

Grattan, Henry. 1746-1820. Irish independence leader. Irish Parliament 1782. Poyning’s Law repeal movement.

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