Fifth Column. 1936. Fascists within besieged Madrid who assisted Franco’s attackers. Term generally applied to subversives since.

Filibusters. 1850s. US adventurers who illegally organized revolutions in Central America. Walker.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Fillmore, Millard. 1800-74. US President 1850-3. Delayed Civil War. Know Nothing Party 1856.

Final Solution. 1941-45. Systematic slaughter of Jews and minorities by Nazis. Holocaust.

Finland. 7C Finns settle, displace Lapps. 1157 Sweden. 1809 Grand Duchy of Russia. 1919 Indepependent republic.

Finlay, Carlos. 1833-1915. Cuban. Discovered that Yellow Fever is transmitted by mosquitoes 1881. Reed.

Finn MacCool. 3C. Leader of Irish warriors, subject of Fenian legends.

Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Fire of London. 1666. Four days. 87 churches. 13,200 houses. 100,000 homeless. Rebuilt in 10 years. 1136 fire was previously known as Great Fire of London.

Firearms. 1247 used at Siege of Seville.1327 Edward III uses canon vs Scots. 1364 Perugia First handguns. 1640 Flintlock.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Fitzgerald, Edward. 1763-98. Irish rebel. Sought aid from France for 1798 uprising.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. 1896-1940. US Jazz age writer. This Side of Paradise 1920. Great Gatsby 1925.

Five Dynasties. 907-60. China between T’ang and Sung dynasties. Upheaval stimulated arts. Art to represent metaphysical truth.

Five Hundred, Council of. 1795. Lower House of French Parliament.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Flagellants. 13C-. Christian sects who practise self-whipping as means of salvation.

Flaminian Way. 220BC. Roman road to Rimini.

Flamininus, Quinctus. c227-174BC. Roman General who def Philip V of Macedonia 197BC.

Fleming, Alexander. 1881-1955. Scottish doctor, dicoverer of penicillin 1928. Florey, Chain.

Fleming, Sir Sandford. 1827-1915. Scottish/Canadian scientist, engineer. CPR. Standard Time zones 1884.

Flemings. Dutch speakers of north Belgium. Walloon.

Fleurus, Battle. 1794. Key French victory over First Coalition.

FLN. 1954-62. Algerian National Liberation Front conducts war vs France.

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